Publication Title: Multiservice Tactics Techniques & Procedures for Biological Surveillance
Publication/revision date: 04 OCT 2004
Field Manual: FM 3-11.86
MCRP 3-37.1C
NTTP 3.11.31
AFTTP(I) 3-2.52
Supersedes: FM 3-101.4; 09 JUN 1997
FM 3-101.6; 25 MAR 1999
NWP 6-02.1
AFJPAM 10-228
Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited (public domain manuals)
CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Cover
foreword
preface
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter I BIOLOGICAL-SURVEILLANCE PRINCIPLES, CONCEPTS, AND THREATS
Background
Surveillance Principles
Biological- and Medical-Surveillance Concepts
Execution of Operational Concepts of Biological and Medical
Surveillance
Biological-Warfare Threat Triggers
Application of Principles of Biological Surveillance
Commander’s Information Requirements—Sample Results
and Medical Surveillance
Chapter II BIOLOGICAL-SURVEILLANCE FUNCTIONS, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND CAPABILITIES
Background
Responsibilities
Capabilities
Applying Biological-Detection Capabilities
Chapter III BIOLOGICAL-SURVEILLANCE PLANNING
Background
Integrated Biological-Surveillance Operations
Tactical, Operational, and Strategic Planning
Planning Process
Integration
Chapter IV BIOLOGICAL-SAMPLE EVACUATION
Background
Sample Evacuation Requirements
Supported Unit Sample Evacuation Plan
Biological Detection Asset Sample Evacuation Plan
Biological-Detection Asset Sample Evacuation Planning
and Operational Considerations
Sample Evacuation Execution
Chain-of-Custody
Chapter V INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Background
Information Management
Priority Information Requirements
Reporting
Information Collection and Operational Level Assessments
Unit Incident Reporting
Communications Architecture
Appendix A MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES AND PROTECTION
Background
Medical Countermeasures
Vaccines
Medical Intervention
Restriction of Movement
Appendix B FIELD LAB SUPPORT
Background
Types of Labs
Confidence Levels of Lab Analysis Results
Employment of Labs
Laboratory Response Network for Biological Terrorism
Appendix C BIOLOGICAL-COLLECTION AND -DETECTION CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Background
Joint Portal Shield
Biological Integrated Detection System
Joint Biological Point Detection System, Fixed-Site or
Trailer-Mounted Version
Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System
Maritime Biological Agent Detection Capabilities
Dry Filter Unit
Department of Defense Biological Sampling Kit
Common Limitation
Appendix D BIOLOGICAL-DETECTION CONTRACTED LOGISTICS SUPPORT
Background
Principles
Contracted Logistics Support Planning Considerations
Employment
Responsibilities
Contracted Logistics Support Capabilities and Constraints
Contracted Logistics Support Team Assessment
Contracted Logistics Support Control
Contracted Logistics Support Concept
Appendix E BIOLOGICAL-COLLECTION AND -DETECTION SYSTEM EMPLOYMENT
Background
Mission
Concept of Operations
Employment Considerations
Biological-Warfare Threat Analysis (Intelligence Preparation
of the Battlespace)
Duration and Modes of Operation for Biological Detection
Biological-Detection and/or -Collector Employment Tactics
Preparing a Biological-Surveillance Plan
Maritime Biological -Detection and -Collection
Employment Tactics
Common Detection Site Selection Criteria for
Biological-Detection Systems
Indoor Site Selection for Biological Detectors or Collectors
Appendix F BIOLOGICAL-WARFARE ATTACK WARNIN
Background
Warning Without a Biological-Detection and -Identification
Capability
Warning With a Biological-Detection and -Identification Capability
Centralized Versus Decentralized Warning
Appendix G BIOLOGICAL-WARFARE SAMPLE EVACUATION PLANNING, HANDLING, AND CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY
Background
Sample Evacuation Planning and Execution
Sample Evacuation Logistics Requirements
Chain-of-Custody Document Preparation
Biological Sample Packaging
Sample Identification Number Assignment
Supporting Documentation Packaging
Completed Evacuation Package
Sample Evacuation Planning Considerations
Background Sample Evacuation
Appendix H LONG-RANGE BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SYSTEM OPERATIONS
Background
Mission
Capabilities
Organization
Employment Planning
Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System
Employment
Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System
Mission Profiles
Mission Planning
Long-Range Biological Standoff Detection System
Mission Phases
Appendix I BIOLOGICAL INTEGRATED DETECTION SYSTEM UNIT OPERATIONS (M3IA1 AND M31A2)
Background
Preplanned Product Improved Biological Integrated
Detection System
Joint Biological Point Detection System (M31A2-Biological
Integrated Detection System) Operations
Biological Integrated Detection System Unit Information
Management and Reports
Biological Integrated Detection System Unit Communication
REFERENCES
GLOSSARY
Index
authentication
FIGURES
Figure I-1. METT-TC Factors That Impact Biological
Surveillance
Figure I-2. Preparing BW Risk Reduction Measures
Figure II-1. JBPDS and Dry Filter Unit Coverage
of an APOD
Figure II-2. BIDS Platoon Emplacement to Provide
Coverage for JTF (Corps Size) Maneuver Forces for
a Long Line Source Attack
Figure II-3. Employment of Multiple Biological-Detection
Collection Systems (System of Systems)
Figure III-1. Biological-Surveillance Operations
Figure IV-1. Field Confirmatory Lab Support From USN
Capability
Figure IV-2. Sample Collection Flow
Figure V-1. Maintaining Mission Readiness:
“Detect to Treat”
Figure V-2. Possible Biological-Detection Network
with Centralized Warning
Figure V-3. Tracking BW Data
Figure V-4. Biological-Event-Tracking Tool
Figure V-5. Incident Report (Sample)
Figure V-6. Biological-Event-Tracking Tool (Sample)
Figure B-1. Field Confirmatory Testing
Figure B-2. Laboratory Response Network Structure
Figure E-1. Biological-Surveillance Mission
Planning—Preattack
Figure E-2. Biological-Surveillance Mission
Planning—Attack and Postattack
Figure E-3. Conducting BW-Threat Analysis (IPB)
Figure E-4. Dice Five Array
Figure E-5. Circle Employment
Figure E-6. Picket Line Employment
Figure E-7. Semicircle Employment
Figure E-8. Dense Picket Employment
Figure E-9. Critical-Node Array
Figure E-10. Area Array Support
Figure E-11. BIDS Deployment Areas
Figure G-1. Sample Chain-of-Custody Form
Figure H-1. LRBSDS Employment Concept
Figure H-2. Sample LRBSDS Mission
Figure H-3. Flight Profile Examples for LRBSDS
Missions
Figure H-4. Sample Air Mission Briefing Guide
Figure H-5. Optimal Altitude for Air Release
Figure H-6. Optimal Altitude for Ground Release
Figure H-7. Difference in Helicopter Altitude and
NAI Elevation
Figure H-8. Low-Altitude Flight Profile
Considerations
Figure H-9. Two LRBSDSs Scanning an Entire NAI
Figure H-10. An LRBSDS Scanning a Checkerboard
Pattern Into an NAI
Figure H-11. An LRBSDS Scanning the Front and
Rear Edges of an NAI
Figure H-12. Optimal Data Collection Altitude
Figure H-13. Minimum Single-Pass Altitude
Figure H-14. Minimum Multipass Altitude
Figure H-15. Departure Report
Figure H-16. Course Leg Commencement Request
Figure H-17. Course Leg Commencement SITREP
Figure H-18. Initial LAZER Detection Report
Figure H-19. Follow-Up Detection Report
Figure H-20. Cloud Loss Detection Report
Figure I-1. Sample BIDS SITREP
Figure I-2. Sample Event-Tracking Form
Figure I-3. Sample BIDS Incident Report for Event
Tracking
Figure I-4. Sample Biological-Detection Platoon
Sector Sketch
Figure I-5. HF Network
Figure I-6. MSE Network
Figure I-7. VHF Network for M31, M31A1, and M31A2
and FBCB2 for M31A2 Only
Figure I-8. Sample FBCB2 Free Message Text for
Biological-Incident Reports
TABLES
Table I-1. Biological-Surveillance Principles
Table II-1. Command Staff Biological-Defense
Responsibilities
Table II-2. Biological-Detection and -Collection
Assets—Operational Envelope
Table II-3. Biological-Sample Courier Tasks
Table III-1. Identifying Risk Reduction Measures
Table III-2. Biological-Surveillance Planning—Situation
Table III-3. Biological-Surveillance Planning—Mission
Table III-4. Biological-Surveillance Planning—Execution
Table III-5. Biological-Surveillance Planning—Service
Support
Table III-6. Biological Surveillance Planning—Command
and Signal
Table V-1. Warning Level Applicability
Table V-2. System Confidence Levels
Table C-1. BIDS Comparison
Table C-2. Dry Filter Unit 2000 Functions
Table C-3. Dry Filter Unit 2000 Biological-Detection
Process
Table E-1. Favorable, Marginal, or Unfavorable
Meteorological Conditions for BW Line Source Release
Table E-2. Sample Duration Intervals for Biological
Detection System or Collector Operations
Table F-1. Pros and Cons of the Centralized
Warning System
Table F-2. Pros and Cons of Decentralized
Warning System
Table G-1. Sample Identification Numbers
Table G-2. Preparing a Dry Filter Unit Filter for
Shipment
Table G-3. Packaging Supporting Documents for
Evacuation
Table H-1. LRBSDS Employment Options
Table H-2. Example of an LRBSDS Staff Planning
Checklist
Table H-3. Helicopter NOE Altitude (150 to 1,000 Feet
AGL)
Table H-4. Helicopter NOE Altitude (1,001 to 5,000 Feet
AGL)
Table H-5. LRBSDS Mission Planning Checklist
Table H-6. LRBSDS Mission Preparation Checklist
Table H-7. LRBSDS Biological-Detection Process
Table H-8. LRBSDS Biological-Surveillance Mission
Execution Checklist (Sample)
Table H-9. Data Items for LRBSDS Detection Report
Table H-10. LRBSDS Postoperations Checklist
Table I-1. P3I BIDS (M31A1) System Functions
Table I-2. Preparing the Wet Collector for Evacuation
Table I-3. Preparing an Alternate Sample Container
for Shipment
Table I-4. Packing Supporting Documents for
Evacuation
Table I-5. Comparison of the UVAPS, CBMS, and
Mini-FCM
Table I-6. UVAPS, CBMS, and Mini-FCM Capabilities
Table I-7. Possible Impact of the Environment on BIDS
Component Results
Table I-8. P3I BIDS Background Data
Table I-9. P3I BIDS Event Data
Table I-10. P3I BIDS System-Level Process
Table I-11. P3I BIDS System-Level Response Profile
Table I-12. Factors That Could Influence Medium or
Low Confidence Levels
Table I-13. JBPDS (M31A2-BIDS) System Functions
Table I-14. Packaging Supporting Documents for
Evacuation (JBPDS [M31A2-BIDS])
Table I-15. Background Characteristics
Table I-16. JBPDS (M31A2-BIDS) Background Data
Table I-17. JBPDS (M31A2-BIDS) Event Data
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